Difference between Culture Industry and Creative Industry

Difference between Culture Industry and Creative Industry Introduction The culture industry and creative industry have both been frequently mentioned in the last few years, sometimes separately and at other times interchangeably. Communities have always been proud of their cultures. The advent of technology and innovation has been combined with the culture and thus there is promotion of culture but with some economic gain which has contributed to employment and economic growth, thus providing a holistic approach towards the integration of culture, technology and economics. Creative industries add the concept of creativity in the integration of culture, economics and technology. Though the concept of creative industries is still very new, the industry has experienced substantial growth in the last few years. Creative industries generated an estimated income of US$424 billion in 2005 (Basu, 2005). The industry has provided job opportunities to millions of people all over the world, employing more than 6 million (Kunzmann, 2007). This paper will analyze the difference between the culture industries and the creative industries and the impact of economization of culture on conditions of labor in the creative industry. Creative industry includes a variety of industries with the advertising industry being one of them. This paper will use the advertising industry as an example in analyzing the impact of economization of culture on labor in the creative industry. Difference between the Culture Industries and the Creative Industries Culture Industry Cultural industries are those economic activities that produce tangible or intangible artistic and creative products and which can be exploited to generate wealth through exploitation of cultural assets. UNESCO defines cultural industries as those goods and services that combine creation, production and commercialization of contents which are intangible and cultural in nature. These industries use creativity, cultural knowledge and intellectual property to produce products and services with social and cultural meaning (UNESCO, 2010). The one distinct feature in cultural goods and services is that they encourage culture by promoting and maintaining cultural diversity and enhance democracy in accessing culture. Each society has its own culture which is expressed in the peoples values and identities. Recently this culture has been amalgamated with creativity and economics and thus coming up with creative economy. Creative economy combines economics, culture and modern technology. This concept should be used in forming strategies that are results oriented in the developing countries. According to OConnor, the culture industry became more meaningful after integrating with the modern systems of monopoly capitalism. Before this, culture had been considered as just a status symbol, or as a form of decoration. Views changed and culture was being considered as an economic resource worth of attention from the policymakers. It was seen as a potential tool for economic development and employment creation and one which could be used for tourism purposes as well as creating an image for the community. Cultural industries are characterized by some of these features (Kunzmann, 2007); they are small firms with low or average wage rates. In most cases the providers are self employed and they experience high levels of job satisfaction. They have flexible working hours and a low degree of unionization. The providers get their customers through high network integration and hence a high consumer dependency. Creative Industry Different regions have different meanings and classifications of creative industries. These meanings have been structured and classified to form four models, the UK DCMS model, Symbolic text model concentric circles model and WIPO copyright model. Creative industries are economic activities that are based on an individuals skills and talent whereby the talent is exploited and generated to create wealth and to develop intellectual property. The basic inputs in these industries are creativity and intellectual capital, while the end products are tangible goods and intangible intellectual property or artistic services. These end products have original creativity, economic value and an objective to meet the market demand. Creativity includes coming up with original, imaginative, ideas in art, cultural products and scientific creations, and coming up with end products that are inspiring and inventive. Creative industries form a creative economy, (United Nations, 2008). According to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) creative industries are divided into four groups, the arts, heritage, media and functional creations. Creative economy helps in creating jobs and promoting exports, cultural diversity, and thus contributes to the growth of the economy. It allows for the amalgamation of economics, cultural and creativity which is combined with technology, intellectual property and tourism objectives to result to a creative economy. It has a macro and micro effect on the economy. The market structure is diverse and can be artistic individuals, small scale businesses and even big multinational companies. The creative businesses experienced an 8.7 percent growth rate between 2000 and 2005. In 2005 the goods and services contributed to 3.4 percent of the world f with gross earnings of $424.4 billion. In 2003 the industry employed 5.6 million people in the European Union countries. Creativity is used in the interaction of the other four forms of capital, social capital, cultural capital human capital and structural or institutional capital leading to what is now known as the 5cs. The industry is being regulated under the Intellectual Property Rights, i.e. copyrights, patents or trade. The problem with the IP is the fact that they favor advanced countries and the developing countries have to agree to these terms. Difference between Creative Industry and Culture Industry The difference between creative industries and cultural industries is distinct and at times the two have been used interchangeably. Creative industries are centered on cultural industries, but not restricted to them. The one way to differentiate cultural product and services is that they may have a cultural characteristic that is not measurable by monetary terms. There is a value attached to the products or services both by the producer and the consumer. This value maybe that the product being used as a source of identity for the specific community. The difference ca also be found in that when producing cultural products, it requires, a human activity input, they are symbolic and they are used in passing a message, and there is potential for intellectual property that is unique to whoever is producing it, be it be an individual or the group. Since there is creativity in the cultural goods and products, it can be said that they are a subset of creative goods and services and yet taking into consideration that creative goods and services cover a wider range of products. Creative goods do not have a unique cultural value in them. When used distinctively, creative products and services are only meant for commercial purposes, but they need creativity to be produced. This may include fashion designs and software creation. In contrast to culture industries, creative industries are mainly big or middle size companies. They pay high salaries especially to their senior staff. The organizations in the creative industries have fixed official working hours for their employees. Examples of cultural products include artwork, musical performances, literature, film, television and video game (Kunzman, 2007). On the other hand, the creative industries include the arts, media (film, tv, and radio), music, advertising and publishing, architecture and design, software development and digital media design. The Impact of the Economization of Culture on Conditions of Labor in the Creative Industries, (Advertising Industry) Economization of Culture Economization of culture refers to making the best of culture to achieve the best effects economically or otherwise. The culture of economics is the analysis of the cultural sector, and involves assessment and organization of the cultural industries, both creative and performance heritage, whether they are publicly of privately owned. In this aspect, culture is seen as a production or a commodity for consumption by the public, who are taken as the consumers. Economization of culture results from the increase in the volume of capital from cultural products through the markets. In turn there is marketization of culture (Mestrovic, 2004). It means letting culture content is to influence the commodity production. The culture gets financial support as this financial support is justified by the economic gains it will bring back to the society. Culture economics involves the interaction of creativity, cultural policies with technological and trade policies. Creativity refers to formulation of new ides which are applied together to create an original work of art and cultural products, functional creations, scientific inventions. Creativity has an economic aspect to it as it involves generation and exploitation of this creativity and generates economic benefits to the creative entrepreneur. This creativity leads to innovation which boosts productivity levels leading to an increase in economic growth and job creation. Creative economy has evolved from recognizing that there is a way that culture and economy can be merged and that both can be utilized for development purposes. As a result of the countries that use creativity in their culture for economic purposes also help in preserving their own culture, informing others about their cultures as well as earning from this culture. Thus it helps in cultural diversity, promoting social inclusion as well as enhancing human development. It leads to creative class, creative entrepreneurs, creative cities, creative clusters, networks and creative districts. Creative economies drive the economy through technology through multimedia and telecommunication, demand for the creative products and fueling of growth in tourism. The creative economies also drive the economy by creating innovative ideas that help in organizations remaining competitive (Hartley,2005). It is the responsibility of each country to set its own policies in regard to the promotion of creative economies. However the UNCTAD has a mandate to assist governments in formulating their policies and especially for developing countries. One of the creative industries is the advertising industry. The advertising industry includes production of advertising materials, PR campaigns, creation of advertisements and promotions, consumer research and insights, media planning, buying and evaluation and management of client marketing activity and communication plans. Advertising has been affected positively by the development of creative economy. Advertisements will be directed to potential customers and to attract the customers, advertisers have to be creative and at the same time respecting the culture of the people. Creative economy has therefore have had a big impact on advertising where creativity, culture and the economy are merged and used effectively through creative advertisement through the media, publishing and over the internet. In addition to this, creative industries are expected to continue to grow and thus create employment. This will be created by the increasing demand for cultural products and services (Euro pean Commission, 2010). The creative industries have contributed to the growth in employment and especially since the industry is labor intensive. There is however some difficult in measuring the effect of advertising on the labor sector brought about by the differing definitions and categorization of creative industry. The industry employs copywriters, those who create drawings, photographers, painters and market researchers. There are more jobs to choose from and in some cases, there is flexibility in the working hours making them more dynamic. In the US the industry had employed about 416,300 people in August 2009, after facing a decline resulting from the global financial crisis. The industry had employed 478,600 in October 2007. In the US the industrys wages make almost 44 percent of the nations total revenues (Kirchhoff, 2009). The advertising industry has a major impact on the labor markets. In the UK, the advertising industry generated an income of  £15.988billion net of VAT IN 1998 while the rest of the creative sector reported  £13 billion. In the 2000, the sector employed 92,800 people (Svob-Dokic, 2005). In the US the industry accounts for 2% of the countrys output (Kirchhoff, 2009). Another effect of creative industries and advertising is the fact that in most cases they make use of modern technology and machines. This has had both a positive and negative effect in employment. The positive effect is that the employee works at a first rate thus getting time for leisure or time to pursue other interests. The impact of creative industry on the labor market will depend on the policies set by the government. A government that supports the creative industry will be way ahead in creating employment. In addition to this there should be policies on the structures of employment to minimize on the insecurities in the advertisement industry and creative industries in general. In so doing the government will help in tapping the unexploited labor (Mestrovic, 2004). There is high potential for growth in the creative industries including in advertising (European Commission on culture, 2010). The government or the relevant authorities should ensure policies that avoid exploitation of those who invent the products and services. In addition to this, the advertising industry can be used to erode culture through advertisements which are against the culture of the natives or through advertisements that may be discriminative in nature. This may lead to bans by the authorities which may lead to some people loosing their jobs. In most creative industries labor is disorganized. This results from the fact that it is a young industry and which has not yet identified itself with the trade unions. According to Lovink and Rossiter (2007) the creations of creative industries have contributed to the erosion of the trade unions. Most of the people employed in this industry are young people. There is a possible feeling of insecurity in this industry, since the employees do not have the trade unions to defend their needs, thus creating social insecurity. Most of the employees are self employed or are temporarily employed adding more to the feeling of insecurity. The sector employs people on contract or temporary basis thus a lot of insecurity involved. In the EU countries, 18 percent of employees in the culture industry were temporarily employed. 29 percent of those in the culture industry in the EU countries are self employed (Svob-Dokic, 2005). Another negative effect of advertising has impacted on employment is that being a creative activity it employs modern technology and machines and thus creating unemployment to a number of people which results from the fact that the machines work at a faster rate than humans. Conclusion The amalgamation of culture, economics and technology has resulted to the growth in creative industries. There are many benefits that may result from the continuous growth in this industry. Creative industries assist in preserving peoples culture while at the same time earning income for the providers of these goods and services. The relevant authorities should come up with policies to protect their citizens from exploitation and to provide any other resources that may be required to ensure a stable growth in this industry. Since each country holds different cultures, there cannot be a global policy in the creative industry; it is the responsibility of the government to put into place strategies that are relevant to its people. The industries growth will lead to employment. As it has been noted there is instability and insecurity in employment in the creative industries. The government should include policies to address this in its strategy. These strategies should be reconciled to other national policies for the country. In the end, the creative industries will create jobs, generate income, and promote social inclusion, cultural diversity and human development.

GA AEMT Drug Cards Essay

ACTION: Reverses Hypoxia, Increases arterial oxygen, Increases hemoglobin saturation, Increases tissue oxygenation Indications: Hypoxia or anticipated hypoxia, or in any medical or trauma patient to improve respiratory efficiency. Contraindications: There are no contraindications to oxygen therapy. Dose: Route: Oral DOSAGE: Adult: 1-6 LPM via NC; 10-15 LPM via NRB; 15 LPM via BVM Pediatric: 1-6 LPM via NC; 10-15 LPM via NRB; 15 LPM via BVM Common side effects: Dry or bloody nose, skin irritation from the nasal cannula or face mask Precautions/major interactions: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and very prolonged administration of high concentrations in the newborn. Drug: Oral Glucose Generic Glutose, Insta-Glucose Class of medication: Monosaccharide Carbohydrate ACTION: After absorption from GI tract, glucose is distributed in the tissues and provides a prompt increase in circulating blood sugar Onset: 10 min Indications: Patients with altered mental status and known history of diabetes mellitus Contraindications: Unconsciousness; known diabetic who has not taken insulin for days; patient who is unable to swallow Dose: Route: Oral DOSAGE/ROUTE:Adult: One tube or packet; repeat based on BGL Pediatric: One tube or packet; repeat based on BGL – minimum age 3 yrs Common side effects: Nausea, may be aspirated by the patient without a gag reflex Precautions/major interactions Assure patient has control of swallowing and airway. Drug: Glucagon Generic: GlucaGen Class of medication: Hormone, antihypoglycemic ACTION: Glucagon is a protein secreted by pancreatic cells that causes a breakdown of stored glycogen into glucose and inhibits the synthesis of glycogen from glucose. Indications: Hypoglycemia without IV access. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to glucagon or protein compounds. Dose: Route: Intramuscular Adult:1-2mg IM, repeat in 15 minutes if BGL

Uncommon Article Gives You the Facts on Thesis Statement Argumentative Essay That Only a Few People Know Exist

Uncommon Article Gives You the Facts on Thesis Statement Argumentative Essay That Only a Few People Know Exist The Advantages of Thesis Statement Argumentative Essay In addition, decent thesis statement samples demonstrate that the writer knows of disagreements and difficulties that surround the matter or topic. A very simple essay may include one particular sentence that contains one particular topic and one argument. Still, there are a few basic guidelines to bear in mind when it regards an argumentative thesis statement. Any great task finishes with a fantastic conclusion and the very best examples of the argumentative essay will arrive in with a conclusion with an overview of all of the points together with a gist of the evidences provided. Ideas, Formulas and Shortcuts for Thesis Statement Argumentative Essay In truth, it is essential you have a central idea in both types of essay. 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Remember that the period of your essay is based on the assignment offered to you. Keep in mind an argument essay ought to be somewhat persuasive. You have to make sure you keep on that 1 side during your whole essay. The topic, nevertheless, is an overall idea of the essay. In order to supply an in-depth understanding about the argumentative essay, it is wise to examine some of the greatest examples of argumentative essay. A Secret Weapon for Thesis Statement Argumentative Essay A thesis statement is essential for a number of factors. If you craft a strong thesis, it's going to be less difficult for you to compose the remainder of your paper using the thesis for a guide. A thesis is the consequence of a prolonged thinking procedure. A great thesis falls somewhere between both extremes. For a lengthier essay, you want a thesis statement that is more versatile. 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Biography Polymath Inventor Jagadish Chandra Bose

Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose was an Indian polymath whose contributions to a wide range of scientific fields, including physics, botany, and biology, made him one of the most celebrated scientists and researchers of the modern age. Bose (no relationship with the modern American audio equipment company) pursued selfless research and experimentation without any desire for personal enrichment or fame, and the research and inventions he produced in his lifetime laid the basis for much of our modern existence, including our understanding of plant life, radio waves, and semiconductors. Early Years Bose was born in 1858 in what is now Bangladesh. At the time in history, the country was part of the British Empire. Although born into a prominent family with some means, Bose’s parents took the unusual step of sending their son to a â€Å"vernacular† school—a school taught in Bangla, which he studied side-by-side with children from other economic situations—instead of a prestigious English-language school. Bose’s father believed people should learn their own language before a foreign language, and he wished his son to be in touch with his own country. Bose would later credit this experience with both his interest in the world around him and his firm belief in the equality of all people. As a teenager, Bose attended St. Xavier’s School and then St. Xavier’s College in what was then called Calcutta; he received a Bachelor of Arts degree from this well-regarded school in 1879. As a bright, well-educated British citizen, he traveled to London to study medicine at the University of London, but suffered from ill-health thought to be exacerbated by the chemicals and other aspects of medical work, and so quit the program after just a year. He continued on at the University of Cambridge in London, where he earned another BA (Natural Sciences Tripos) in 1884, and at the University London, earning a Bachelor of Science degree that same year (Bose would later earn his Doctor of Science degree from the University of London in 1896). Academic Success and Struggle Against Racism After this illustrious education, Bose returned home, securing a position as an Assistant Professor of Physics at Presidency College in Calcutta in 1885 (a post he held until 1915). Under the rule of the British, however, even institutions in India itself were terribly racist in their policies, as Bose was shocked to discover. Not only was he not given any equipment or lab space with which to pursue research, he was offered a salary that was much lower than his European colleagues. Bose protested this unfairness by simply refusing to accept his salary. For three years he refused payment and taught at the college without any pay whatsoever, and managed to conduct research on his own in his small apartment. Finally, the college belatedly realized they had something of a genius on their hands, and not only offered him a comparable salary for his fourth year at the school, but also paid him the three years back salary at the full rate as well. Scientific Fame and Selflessness During Bose’s time at Presidency College his fame as a scientist grew steadily as he worked on his research in two important areas: Botany and Physics. Bose’s lectures and presentations caused a great amount of excitement and occasional furor, and his inventions and conclusions derived from his research helped shape the modern world we know and benefit from today. And yet Bose not only chose not to profit from his own work, he adamantly refused to even try. He purposefully avoided filing for patents on his work (he only filed for one, after pressure from friends, and even let that one patent expire), and encouraged other scientists to build on and use his own research. As a result other scientists are closely associated with invention such as radio transmitters and receivers despite Bose’s essential contributions. Crescograph and Plant Experiments In the later 19th century when Bose took up his research, scientists believed that plants relied on chemical reactions to transmit stimuli—for example, damage from predators or other negative experiences. Bose proved via experimentation and observation that plant cells actually used electrical impulses just like animals when reacting to stimuli. Bose invented the Crescograph, a device that can measure minute reactions and changes in plant cells at tremendous magnifications, in order to demonstrate his discoveries. In a famous 1901 Royal Society Experiment he demonstrated that a plant, when its roots were placed in contact with poison, reacted—on a microscopic level—in a very similar fashion to an animal in similar distress. His experiments and conclusions caused an uproar, but were quickly accepted, and Bose’s fame in scientific circles was assured. The Invisible Light: Wireless Experiments with Semiconductors Bose has often been called the â€Å"Father of WiFi† due to his work with shortwave radio signals and semiconductors. Bose was the first scientist to understand the benefits of short-waves in radio signals; shortwave radio can very easily reach vast distances, while longer-wave radio signals require line-of-sight and cannot travel as far. One problem with wireless radio transmission in those early days was allowing devices to detect radio waves in the first place; the solution was the coherer, a device which had been envisioned years before but which Bose vastly improved; the version of the coherer he invented in 1895 was a major advancement in radio technology. A few years later, in 1901, Bose invented the first radio device to implement a semiconductor (a substance that is a very good conductor of electricity in one direction and a very poor one in the other). The Crystal Detector (sometimes referred to as a â€Å"cat’s whiskers† due to the thin metal wire used) became the basis for the first wave of widely-used radio receivers, referred to as crystal radios. In 1917, Bose established the Bose Institute in Calcutta, which today is the oldest research institute in India. Considered the founding father of modern scientific research in India, Bose oversaw operations at the Institute until his death in 1937. Today it continues to perform groundbreaking research and experiments, and also houses a museum honoring the achievements of Jagadish Chandra Bose—including many of the devices he built, which are still operational today. Death and Legacy Bose passed away on November 23, 1937, in Giridih, India. He was 78 years old. He had been knighted in 1917, and elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1920. Today there is an impact crater on the Moon named after him. He is regarded today as a foundational force in both electromagnetism and biophysics. In addition to his scientific publications, Bose made a mark in literature as well. His short story The Story of the Missing, composed in response to a contest hosted by a hair-oil company, is one of the earliest works of science fiction. Written in both Bangla and English, the story hints at aspects of Chaos Theory and the Butterfly Effect that wouldn’t reach the mainstream for another few decades, making it an important work in the history of science fiction in general and Indian literature specifically. Quotes â€Å"The poet is intimate with truth, while the scientist approaches awkwardly.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"I have sought permanently to associate the advancement of knowledge with the widest possible civic and public diffusion of it; and this without any academic limitations, henceforth to all races and languages, to both men and women alike, and for all time coming.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Not in matter but in thought, not in possessions nor even in attainments but in ideals, is to be found the seed of immortality. Not through material acquisition but in generous diffusion of ideas and ideals can the true empire of humanity be established.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"They would be our worst enemy who would wish us to live only on the glories of the past and die off from the face of the earth in sheer passivity. By continuous achievement alone we can justify our great ancestry. We do not honour our ancestors by the false claim that they are omniscient and had nothing more to learn.† Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose  Fast Facts Born:  November 30,  1858 Died: November  23,  1937 Parents:  Bhagawan Chandra Bose  and  Bama Sundari Bose​ Lived in:  Present-day Bangladesh,  London,  Calcutta, Giridih Spouse: Abala Bose Education:  BA from  St. Xavier’s College  in  1879,  University of London (medical school, 1 year), BA from  University of Cambridge  in  Natural Sciences Tripos  in 1884, BS at University London in 1884, and  Doctor of Science  University of London  in 1896. Key Accomplishments/Legacy:  Invented the  Crescograph and  the Crystal Detector.  Significant contributions to electromagnetism,  biophysics,  shortwave radio signals, and  semiconductors. Established the Bose Institute in Calcutta.  Authored the  science fiction piece The Story of the Missing.